There are many different types of non-commercial organizations ranging in size from small local concerns to large international groups.
Generally, however, these fall into several main categories.
• Cultural – Opera, ballet, theatre and other performing arts, museums, historical societies, zoos and conservation societies.
• Educational – Private schools and colleges, universities, business schools, and other educational establishments.
• Political- Political parties, political candidates, political organizations, trade unions.
• Public interest – Organisations campaigning for or against social issues such as fitness, health, drug abuse, and smoking. Organizations offering a public service such as the Youth Hostels Association, Relate (the marriage guidance service) and the Family Planning Assoc
• Social- Chambers of Commerce, social clubs and organizations such as the Scouts Association, golf clubs, and other membership groups. • Religious – Churches, religious movements.
• Healthcare-Nursing homes, hospitals, health research bodies hospices, cancer support groups, AIDS research, and care trusts.
aids research program
• Charitable and philanthropic – Local and international charities, Save the Children Fund, welfare groups, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Rotary International. These categories do represent, in the main, not-for-profit organisations, although there are operators within many of the categories who do operate business designed as profit-making concerns.
These may include health clinics specialising in cosmetic surgery on a full-fee basis, and independent secretarial colleges and training organisations.
Effectiveness as a measure of organizational success has for decades attracted scholarly attention across many social science disciplines. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and interdisciplinary structured review of the literature concerned with non-governmental (NGO) and nonprofit (NPO) effectiveness using a new methodological approach that builds citation networks to identify key citation patterns. Based on the early organizational effectiveness literature we find that „effectiveness‟ has been conceptualized and measured as (1) goal attainment, (2) resource acquisition, and (3) reputation.
Analyzing a contemporary sample of articles on NGO/NPO effectiveness we examine current manifestations of prior theoretical work in this field. Scholars in the field claim that „effectiveness‟ is multi-dimensional but are not clear about what these dimensions should be. We identify four primary domains that ground the work on NGO/NPO effectiveness in the contemporary literature: projects, internal management, external environment, and networks/partnerships.Ngo registration is a complete process for getting additional funds for helping the poor people.
We then synthesize the domains with the early conceptualizations of effectiveness to provide a consistent methodological framework for studying effectiveness across disciplines and research questions. 80 g registration is just another process in this complete procedure.
